Urothelium
Urothelium is a type of epithelium that lines the urinary tract, including the bladder, ureters, and kidneys. It is a unique type of epithelium in that it has the ability to stretch and return to its original shape, a property that is essential for its function in the urinary system.
Structure[edit | edit source]
The urothelium is composed of three layers: the basal layer, the intermediate layer, and the superficial layer. The basal layer is the deepest layer and is in direct contact with the underlying basement membrane. The cells in this layer are small and cuboidal, and they are responsible for the regeneration of the urothelium.
The intermediate layer is the middle layer and is composed of larger, more irregularly shaped cells. These cells are capable of changing their shape in response to changes in the volume of the urinary tract.
The superficial layer is the outermost layer and is composed of large, flat cells known as umbrella cells. These cells have a unique structure that allows them to stretch and return to their original shape, enabling the urothelium to accommodate changes in the volume of the urinary tract.
Function[edit | edit source]
The primary function of the urothelium is to provide a barrier between the urinary tract and the urine. This is important because urine contains waste products that can be harmful to the body's tissues. The urothelium prevents these waste products from coming into contact with the underlying tissues of the urinary tract.
In addition to providing a barrier, the urothelium also has the ability to stretch and return to its original shape. This allows the urinary tract to accommodate changes in the volume of urine.
Clinical significance[edit | edit source]
Damage to the urothelium can lead to a number of medical conditions, including urinary tract infections, bladder cancer, and interstitial cystitis. In addition, changes in the structure or function of the urothelium can be used as a marker for these and other diseases of the urinary tract.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
