Vector graphics

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Vector graphics are a type of computer graphics that use geometric primitives such as points, lines, curves, and shapes or polygons—all of which are based on mathematical expressions—to represent images in computer graphics. Unlike raster graphics, which are composed of pixels, vector graphics are resolution-independent and can be scaled to any size without loss of quality.

History

The concept of vector graphics dates back to the early days of computer graphics. One of the first systems to use vector graphics was the SAGE air defense system in the 1950s. The technology evolved through the 1960s and 1970s with the development of CAD (Computer-Aided Design) systems and early video games.

Advantages

Vector graphics offer several advantages over raster graphics:

• **Scalability**: Vector images can be resized without losing quality.
• **Editability**: Individual elements can be easily modified.
• **File Size**: Vector files are often smaller than raster files for images with fewer details.

Disadvantages

Despite their advantages, vector graphics also have some limitations:

• **Complexity**: They are not well-suited for complex images like photographs.
• **Rendering**: Requires more processing power to render complex vector images.

Applications

Vector graphics are widely used in various fields:

• **Graphic Design**: Used for logos, icons, and other design elements.
• **Typography**: Fonts are often stored as vector graphics.
• **CAD**: Essential in engineering and architectural design.
• **Web Development**: Used in SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) for web graphics.

File Formats

Common vector graphic file formats include:

• SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)
• EPS (Encapsulated PostScript)
• PDF (Portable Document Format)
• AI (Adobe Illustrator)

Software

Popular software for creating and editing vector graphics includes:

• Adobe Illustrator
• CorelDRAW
• Inkscape
• Sketch

See Also

• Raster graphics
• Computer graphics
• Digital image processing
• Graphic design
• Scalable Vector Graphics

Related Pages

• Computer graphics
• Raster graphics
• Scalable Vector Graphics
• Graphic design
• Digital image processing