Venous thromboembolism

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a condition in which a blood clot forms in the veins, often in the deep veins of the leg, groin or arm, and travels in the circulation, lodging in the lungs. This condition includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).

Causes

VTE can be caused by any condition that prevents the blood from circulating or clotting normally. These include surgery, cancer, immobility, and genetic factors. Certain medications, such as hormone therapy drugs, can also increase the risk of VTE.

Symptoms

Symptoms of VTE can vary depending on where the clot is located. Common symptoms include swelling, pain, and redness in the affected area. If the clot travels to the lungs (PE), symptoms can include shortness of breath, chest pain, and coughing up blood.

Diagnosis

VTE is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. These tests can include a D-dimer test, ultrasound, CT scan, and pulmonary angiography.

Treatment

Treatment for VTE typically involves anticoagulant medications, which prevent new clots from forming. In some cases, thrombolytic therapy may be used to dissolve the clot. Long-term treatment may include compression stockings to prevent post-thrombotic syndrome.

Prevention

Prevention of VTE involves reducing risk factors, such as maintaining a healthy weight, staying active, and avoiding long periods of immobility. In some cases, preventative anticoagulant medication may be prescribed.

See also

• Thrombosis
• Embolism
• Coagulation

Venous thromboembolism Resources
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