Vientiane

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Buddha sculptures at That Luang

Vat Phra Kèo

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Wat Si Muang

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Buddha park, lao pdr

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Vientiane Patouxai Laos

Vientiane is the capital and largest city of Laos, situated on the banks of the Mekong River near the border with Thailand. Vientiane stands as a significant center of culture, commerce, and administration in Laos. Its history dates back to the 9th century, with its status as the capital established in 1563 due to fears of a Burmese invasion. The city's name is derived from Pali, the liturgical language of Theravada Buddhism, and translates to "city of sandalwood," a reference to the aromatic wood that was historically abundant in the area.

History

Vientiane's history is marked by periods of significant growth and devastating invasions. Originally a small trading post, the city gained prominence in the 16th century when King Setthathirath moved the capital of the Lan Xang Kingdom to Vientiane for strategic defensive reasons. The city was sacked in 1827 by Siamese forces, leading to a period of decline. However, it was chosen as the capital of the French protectorate of Laos in the late 19th century, which led to an influx of French architectural influence that is still visible in parts of the city today.

Geography

Vientiane is located in the northwestern part of Laos, lying on a bend of the Mekong River, which forms a natural border with Thailand. The city's geography is characterized by flat plains, which have historically made it prone to flooding, but also fertile for agriculture.

Economy

The economy of Vientiane is diverse, with a significant portion driven by government services, tourism, and small and medium-sized enterprises. The city has seen rapid economic growth in recent years, with the construction of new hotels, shopping malls, and residential areas. Agriculture, particularly rice cultivation, remains an important part of the economy in the surrounding areas.

Culture

Vientiane is home to numerous temples and monuments, the most famous being Pha That Luang, a gold-covered large Buddhist stupa that is considered a national symbol of Laos. Other notable sites include the Patuxai Victory Monument, which resembles the Arc de Triomphe in Paris but with Laotian design elements. The city is also known for its vibrant food scene, which includes Laotian, Thai, Vietnamese, and French influences.

Transportation

Transportation in Vientiane includes a mix of bicycles, motorcycles, cars, buses, and tuk-tuks. The city lacks a mass transit system, but there are plans to improve public transportation, including the introduction of a bus system. The Wattay International Airport serves as the main gateway for international travelers.

Education

Vientiane is a center for education in Laos, hosting several universities and colleges. The National University of Laos is the largest and most prominent institution of higher education in the country, offering a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs.

Healthcare

Healthcare services in Vientiane are the most comprehensive in Laos, with a number of hospitals and clinics providing care. However, facilities and resources may not meet the standards found in more developed countries.

See also

• Laos
• Mekong River
• Pha That Luang
• Lan Xang