Voyelles

Voyelles is a poem by the French writer Arthur Rimbaud, written in April 1871. The poem is known for its vivid imagery and the use of color symbolism to evoke emotions and ideas. It has been influential in the development of Symbolism in literature and has been subject to various interpretations over the years.

Background

Arthur Rimbaud was a French poet known for his influence on modern literature and arts, which prefigured surrealism. Born in 1854 in Charleville, France, Rimbaud wrote most of his poetry in his teens before abandoning literature at the age of 20. "Voyelles" is one of his most famous works, showcasing his innovative use of language and symbolic imagery.

Content and Themes

"Voyelles" is a sonnet that associates each of the five vowels of the alphabet (A, E, I, O, U) with a color, image, and thematic idea. The poem begins with the line "A noir, E blanc, I rouge, O vert, U bleu," setting the stage for a synesthetic journey that blends sound, color, and meaning. This technique of attributing color to vowels is an example of synesthesia, a condition or phenomenon where one sense is simultaneously perceived by one or more additional senses.

The poem delves into various themes, including the nature of art, the relationship between sensation and understanding, and the search for transcendence. Rimbaud's use of color symbolism is particularly notable, as it suggests a deeper, almost mystical quality to the vowels, transforming them from mere letters into portals to a more profound experience of the world.

Interpretations

Interpretations of "Voyelles" vary widely. Some critics view it as a manifesto of Symbolism, emphasizing the power of language to evoke rather than describe. Others interpret it as an exploration of the poet's inner psyche, with each vowel representing different aspects of the human experience or states of being. The poem has also been analyzed through psychoanalytic lenses, considering Rimbaud's tumultuous life and complex personality.

Influence

"Voyelles" has had a significant impact on both poetry and the broader arts. Its innovative approach to language and symbolism influenced many poets and artists, contributing to the development of Symbolism and, later, Surrealism. The poem's exploration of synesthesia has also intrigued scientists and artists interested in the intersections between sensory perception and artistic expression.

See Also

• Symbolism
• Synesthesia
• French literature
• Arthur Rimbaud