Wasting disease

Wasting disease or cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome associated with underlying illness and characterized by loss of muscle with or without loss of fat mass. The prominent clinical feature of cachexia is weight loss in adults (corrected for fluid retention) or growth failure in children (excluding endocrine disorders). Anorexia, inflammation, insulin resistance and increased muscle protein breakdown are frequently associated with cachexia. Cachexia is distinct from starvation, age-related loss of muscle mass, primary depression, malabsorption and hyperthyroidism and is associated with increased morbidity.

Causes

Wasting disease can be caused by various diseases and conditions, including cancer, chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, HIV/AIDS, rheumatoid arthritis, and tuberculosis. It is a side effect of some medications.

Symptoms

The main symptom of wasting disease is dramatic weight loss. Other symptoms can include fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, and a reduced ability to perform physical tasks.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of wasting disease is based on the patient's medical history, physical examination, and may involve laboratory tests. The diagnostic criteria include unintentional weight loss of more than 5% within six months.

Treatment

Treatment of wasting disease involves treating the underlying condition and providing nutritional support. Medications may be used to stimulate appetite, reduce inflammation, and improve body composition.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with wasting disease depends on the severity of the weight loss and the underlying condition. In general, the prognosis is poor, as wasting disease is often associated with advanced disease and increased mortality.

See also

• Anorexia nervosa
• Malnutrition
• Starvation