Wet lung syndrome in newborn

Wet lung syndrome in newborns, also known as Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn (TTN), is a respiratory disorder usually seen shortly after delivery in early term or late preterm babies.

Causes

TTN is caused by the retention of lung fluid that is present during fetal life. This fluid is normally absorbed into the body shortly before birth. However, in some cases, this process is delayed, leading to symptoms of TTN. Risk factors include cesarean section delivery without labor, male sex, and maternal diabetes or asthma.

Symptoms

Symptoms usually appear within the first two hours of life and may include rapid breathing (more than 60 breaths per minute), cyanosis (bluish color of skin and mucous membranes), flaring of the nostrils and grunting sounds with breathing.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically based on the clinical presentation and chest X-ray findings. The X-ray may show a streaky appearance in the lungs, indicating fluid. Other tests may include blood gas analysis and complete blood count (CBC).

Treatment

Treatment usually involves supportive care, including oxygen therapy to maintain adequate oxygen levels in the blood. In severe cases, the baby may require mechanical ventilation. Most infants improve within 48 to 72 hours.

Prognosis

The prognosis for infants with TTN is generally excellent. Most infants recover completely within three days, although some may continue to have intermittent tachypnea for up to a week.

Prevention

There is no known prevention for TTN. However, avoiding elective cesarean sections and labor inductions before 39 weeks of gestation unless medically necessary can reduce the risk.

See also

• Respiratory distress syndrome
• Neonatal intensive care unit
• Neonatology

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