Windsor Castle, Kensington

Windsor_Castle,_Kensington,_W8_(15208278181)

Royal residence in Windsor, England

Windsor Castle is a royal residence at Windsor, Berkshire, England. It is notable for its long association with the British Royal Family and for its architecture. The original castle was built in the 11th century after the Norman Conquest of England by William the Conqueror. Since the time of Henry I, it has been used by succeeding monarchs and is the longest-occupied palace in Europe.

History

Early History

The site of Windsor Castle was chosen by William the Conqueror because of its strategic location near the River Thames and the proximity to a royal hunting forest. The original structure was a motte-and-bailey design, with a wooden keep on a raised earthwork called a motte, surrounded by a fortified enclosure.

Medieval Period

During the reign of Henry II, the wooden keep was replaced with a stone structure. Edward III transformed the castle into a Gothic palace and established the Order of the Garter, the highest order of chivalry in England, with its spiritual home at St George's Chapel within the castle grounds.

Tudor and Stuart Periods

Henry VIII and Elizabeth I both used Windsor Castle as a royal court and residence. During the English Civil War, the castle was used as a military headquarters by the Parliamentarians and later as a prison for Charles I.

Modern Era

In the 19th century, George IV and his architect Jeffry Wyatville transformed Windsor Castle into a more modern and comfortable residence. The castle was extensively damaged by fire in 1992 but was fully restored by 1997.

Architecture

Windsor Castle is known for its distinctive architecture, which includes elements from different periods. The castle's Round Tower is a prominent feature, and the State Apartments are renowned for their lavish interiors. St George's Chapel is an example of Perpendicular Gothic architecture and serves as the spiritual home of the Order of the Garter.

Current Use

Windsor Castle remains an official residence of the British monarch. It is often used for state banquets and official events. The castle is also a popular tourist attraction, drawing visitors from around the world.

See also

• Kensington Palace
• Buckingham Palace
• Tower of London
• Hampton Court Palace