World fisheries production

World capture fisheries and aquaculture production by species group, from World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2021

World fisheries production refers to the total quantity of aquatic organisms captured or cultivated for human use from the world's oceans, seas, rivers, and lakes. This encompasses both wild fisheries and aquaculture operations, which together form a critical component of global food security, economic development, and cultural practices for many communities around the globe.

Overview

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations plays a leading role in monitoring and reporting on global fisheries and aquaculture production. According to the FAO, world fisheries production has seen significant growth over the past few decades, driven by increased demand for fish and seafood products, advancements in fishing technology, and the expansion of aquaculture practices.

Wild Fisheries

Wild fisheries involve the capture of aquatic organisms from their natural habitats. This sector is categorized into marine fisheries, which operate in the oceans and seas, and inland fisheries, which operate in freshwater bodies such as rivers and lakes. Marine fisheries are the larger of the two, contributing significantly to global fish stocks. Key species targeted by marine fisheries include tuna, shrimp, cod, and sardines, while inland fisheries often focus on species like carp, catfish, and tilapia.

Aquaculture

Aquaculture, or fish farming, is the controlled cultivation of aquatic organisms, including fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and aquatic plants. This sector has grown rapidly and is now responsible for a significant portion of the world's seafood supply. Aquaculture practices vary widely, from intensive farming operations that raise large volumes of a single species to small-scale, integrated systems that mimic natural ecosystems.

Challenges and Sustainability

The growth of world fisheries production has not been without its challenges. Overfishing, habitat destruction, climate change, and pollution threaten the sustainability of both wild fisheries and aquaculture. Efforts to address these challenges include the implementation of sustainable fishing practices, the development of more eco-friendly aquaculture systems, and the establishment of marine protected areas.

Economic and Social Impact

Fisheries and aquaculture are vital for the livelihoods of millions of people worldwide, particularly in developing countries. The sector provides a primary source of protein for billions of people and is a key driver of economic development in many coastal and rural communities. However, the benefits of fisheries production are not evenly distributed, and small-scale fishers and farmers often face challenges accessing markets and resources.

Future Prospects

The future of world fisheries production will depend on the ability of governments, industry, and communities to manage resources sustainably. This includes adopting practices that balance ecological health with economic viability and social equity. Innovations in aquaculture, improvements in fisheries management, and increased cooperation at the international level will be critical to ensuring the long-term sustainability of the sector.