Blood draw

Blood Draw

A blood draw, also known as venipuncture, is a medical procedure that involves the collection of blood from a patient for laboratory testing, transfusions, donations, or research. This procedure is commonly performed by healthcare professionals such as phlebotomists, nurses, and doctors.

Procedure

The process of drawing blood typically involves the following steps:

Preparation: The healthcare provider will gather the necessary equipment, including gloves, a tourniquet, alcohol swabs, a sterile needle, a collection tube, and a bandage. Patient Identification: The patient is identified using at least two identifiers, such as name and date of birth, to ensure the correct patient is being treated. Site Selection: The most common site for blood draw is the antecubital fossa, the area inside the elbow. Other sites may include the back of the hand or wrist. Tourniquet Application: A tourniquet is applied above the selected site to engorge the veins, making them easier to locate and puncture. Site Cleaning: The skin is cleaned with an alcohol swab to reduce the risk of infection. Venipuncture: A sterile needle is inserted into the vein, and blood is drawn into a collection tube. Needle Removal and Bandaging: Once the required amount of blood is collected, the needle is removed, and pressure is applied to the site to stop bleeding. A bandage is then applied.

Indications

Blood draws are performed for various reasons, including:

• Diagnostic Testing: To analyze blood components such as red and white blood cells, platelets, electrolytes, and enzymes.
• Monitoring Health Conditions: To monitor chronic conditions like diabetes, kidney disease, or heart disease.
• Blood Donation: To collect blood for transfusions or research.
• Therapeutic Phlebotomy: To treat conditions like hemochromatosis by removing excess iron from the body.

Risks and Complications

While blood draws are generally safe, they can occasionally lead to complications such as:

• Bruising: Minor bruising at the puncture site is common.
• Infection: Rarely, the puncture site may become infected.
• Fainting: Some patients may feel lightheaded or faint during or after the procedure.
• Hematoma: A collection of blood outside the vein can occur, causing swelling and discomfort.

Also see

• Phlebotomy
• Blood transfusion
• Laboratory test
• Intravenous therapy
• Blood donation