Laboratory test

Laboratory test refers to the technical analysis of biological specimens, such as blood, urine, and tissue, to determine the presence or absence of specified substances or to measure their levels or functional activity. Laboratory tests are often used in medicine to assist in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.

Types of Laboratory Tests

There are several types of laboratory tests, including:

• Blood tests: These are used to analyze components of the blood, such as red and white blood cells, to detect conditions like anemia or leukemia.
• Urine tests: These are used to detect substances or cells in the urine that can indicate different disorders, such as diabetes or kidney disease.
• Microbiological cultures: These are used to grow and identify bacteria, fungi, or viruses that may be causing an infection.
• Genetic testing: This is used to detect gene mutations associated with certain genetic disorders.

Interpretation of Laboratory Tests

The interpretation of laboratory tests involves comparing the results of the test to reference ranges. These ranges are established by testing a large group of healthy individuals and observing what appears to be normal for that group. The physician then interprets the results based on the patient's health and other factors.

Limitations of Laboratory Tests

While laboratory tests are a vital tool in healthcare, they have their limitations. For example, they can sometimes produce false positive or false negative results. Additionally, the results of a laboratory test are just one piece of the puzzle in diagnosing a patient, and must be considered in conjunction with the patient's symptoms and medical history.

See Also

• Medical laboratory
• Clinical pathology
• Medical test

Laboratory test Resources
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