Β-zearalenol

Β-zearalenol (also known as β-ZEL) is a mycotoxin produced by several species of Fusarium, a genus of fungi. It is a non-steroidal estrogen that can be found in several cereal crops, including wheat, corn, and barley.

Structure and Properties[edit | edit source]

Β-zearalenol is a resorcylic acid lactone and is structurally similar to the female sex hormone estradiol. It is a white crystalline solid with a melting point of 164-165 °C. It is soluble in ethanol, acetone, and chloroform, but insoluble in water.

Production and Occurrence[edit | edit source]

Β-zearalenol is produced by several species of Fusarium, including Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, and Fusarium equiseti. These fungi are common in temperate regions and can infect a variety of cereal crops. The production of β-ZEL is influenced by environmental conditions, with higher levels produced under warm and humid conditions.

Toxicity and Effects[edit | edit source]

Β-zearalenol is a potent estrogen mimic and can cause a variety of reproductive disorders in animals, including infertility, reduced litter size, and abnormal sexual development. It can also affect the immune system and cause weight loss. In humans, exposure to β-ZEL can lead to similar effects, although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood.

Detection and Control[edit | edit source]

Detection of β-ZEL in crops can be achieved through various methods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Control of β-ZEL involves good agricultural practices, such as crop rotation and the use of resistant varieties, as well as the application of fungicides.