1,1-Dimethylhydrazine

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Chemical compound used as a rocket propellant


1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
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1,1-Dimethylhydrazine, also known as unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH), is a chemical compound with the formula (CH₃)₂NNH₂. It is a colorless liquid with a fishy, ammonia-like odor. UDMH is primarily used as a high-energy rocket propellant in combination with nitrogen tetroxide (N₂O₄) as an oxidizer.

Properties[edit | edit source]

1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is a highly volatile and flammable liquid. It is miscible with water and most organic solvents. The compound is known for its stability in the presence of oxidizers, which makes it suitable for use in hypergolic rocket fuels. Hypergolic propellants ignite spontaneously upon contact with each other, eliminating the need for an ignition system.

Applications[edit | edit source]

UDMH is widely used in the aerospace industry as a component of liquid rocket fuels. It has been used in various space missions, including the Apollo program and the Space Shuttle. The combination of UDMH and nitrogen tetroxide is known for its reliability and storability, making it ideal for long-duration space missions.

Health and Safety[edit | edit source]

1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is highly toxic and poses significant health risks. It is a suspected human carcinogen and can cause damage to the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system. Exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Proper safety measures, including the use of personal protective equipment and adequate ventilation, are essential when handling this compound.

Environmental Impact[edit | edit source]

The use of UDMH in rocket propellants has raised environmental concerns due to its toxicity and potential for contamination. Efforts are being made to develop more environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional hypergolic propellants.

Also see[edit | edit source]

Template:Rocket propulsion

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD