1,2-Benzoquinone

1,2-Benzoquinone, also known as ortho-benzoquinone, is a organic quinone that is a derivative of benzene. It is a yellowish, volatile solid that is important for industry and biological processes.

Structure and Bonding

1,2-Benzoquinone is a six-membered cyclic compound with two carbonyl groups at the 1 and 2 positions. The molecule is planar, with the carbonyl groups and the benzene ring in the same plane. The carbonyl groups are polar, which makes the molecule a dipole. The electronic structure of 1,2-benzoquinone is characterized by the presence of two pi electrons that are delocalized over the entire molecule, contributing to its stability.

Synthesis

1,2-Benzoquinone can be synthesized from phenol through a process known as oxidation. This involves the removal of hydrogen atoms from the phenol molecule, which is facilitated by the presence of a strong oxidizing agent such as potassium permanganate.

Uses

1,2-Benzoquinone is used in the production of hydroquinone, which is a reducing agent used in photography and dyeing. It is also used as a fungicide and herbicide, and in the synthesis of some types of plastics and explosives.

Safety

1,2-Benzoquinone is a strong oxidizer and can cause burns if it comes into contact with skin. It is also harmful if inhaled or swallowed, and can cause damage to the eyes.

See also

• Quinone
• Hydroquinone
• Benzene