2-Cyanoguanidine

2-Cyanoguanidine or dicyandiamide is an organic compound with the formula C2N4H4. It is a white, water-soluble solid that is widely used in the production of melamine and polymer resins.

Chemical Structure and Properties

2-Cyanoguanidine is a derivative of guanidine, a compound with a similar structure but with a hydrogen atom in place of the cyanide group. The molecule is planar, which allows it to form strong hydrogen bonds and gives it its high solubility in water. It is stable under normal conditions, but decomposes when heated to produce toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides and cyanide.

Production

The industrial production of 2-cyanoguanidine involves the reaction of cyanamide, NH2CN, with ammonia in a liquid phase at high temperatures and pressures. The reaction is exothermic and proceeds via the intermediate biguanide, which is then dehydrated to give the product.

Applications

The primary use of 2-cyanoguanidine is in the manufacture of melamine, a material used in high-resistance concrete, flame retardants, and plastics. It is also used as a slow-release fertilizer, as a curing agent in epoxy resins, and as a modifier for starch and textiles.

Health and Safety

Exposure to 2-cyanoguanidine can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Chronic exposure can lead to thyroid problems and reproductive toxicity. It is not classified as a carcinogen, but its potential effects on human health are not fully understood.

See Also

• Melamine
• Cyanamide
• Guanidine