2-Oleoylglycerol

2-Oleoylglycerol (2-OG) is a monoglyceride that is naturally produced in the body from dietary fats and is also found in the cannabis plant. It is recognized as a bioactive lipid that has been implicated in various physiological functions, including pain perception, mood regulation, and control of feeding behavior.

Structure and Synthesis[edit | edit source]

2-Oleoylglycerol is a monoglyceride, meaning it consists of one fatty acid chain attached to a glycerol backbone. The fatty acid in 2-OG is oleic acid, a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid. The synthesis of 2-OG occurs through the enzymatic hydrolysis of diacylglycerol (DAG) by the enzyme diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL).

Biological Functions[edit | edit source]

2-Oleoylglycerol has been found to have several biological functions. It acts as a full agonist at the G protein-coupled receptor GPR119, which is involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism. It is also a partial agonist at the cannabinoid receptor CB1, suggesting a role in the endocannabinoid system.

In addition, 2-OG has been implicated in the regulation of feeding behavior. Studies have shown that it can stimulate food intake in rats, suggesting a potential role in the regulation of energy balance and body weight.

Medical Significance[edit | edit source]

Due to its role in various physiological processes, 2-OG has potential medical significance. Its role in the endocannabinoid system suggests potential therapeutic applications in conditions such as chronic pain, anxiety, and depression. Its role in glucose metabolism and feeding behavior also suggests potential applications in the treatment of diabetes and obesity.