3-Hydroxybutanal

3-hydroxybutanal.png

3-Hydroxybutanal, also known as acetaldol or β-hydroxybutyraldehyde, is an organic compound with the formula C_4H_8O_2. It is a colorless liquid that is miscible with water and has a density of 0.94 g/cm³. The compound is an important intermediate in various chemical syntheses and is used in the production of pharmaceuticals, flavoring agents, and fragrances.

Chemical Structure and Properties

3-Hydroxybutanal is an aldehyde with a hydroxyl group on the third carbon atom. Its molecular formula is C_4H_8O_2, and it has a molar mass of 88.11 g/mol. The compound has a boiling point of 146 °C and is miscible with water, making it useful in various aqueous reactions.

Synthesis

3-Hydroxybutanal can be synthesized through the aldol condensation of acetaldehyde. In this reaction, two molecules of acetaldehyde react in the presence of a base to form 3-hydroxybutanal. The reaction can be represented as follows:

2 CH_3CHO → CH_3CH(OH)CH_2CHO

This reaction is a key step in the production of various fine chemicals and intermediates.

Applications

3-Hydroxybutanal is used in the synthesis of several important compounds, including:

• Pharmaceuticals: It serves as an intermediate in the production of various active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
• Flavoring agents: It is used in the synthesis of compounds that impart flavor to food products.
• Fragrances: It is a precursor in the production of aromatic compounds used in perfumes and other scented products.

Safety and Handling

As with many organic compounds, proper safety measures should be taken when handling 3-hydroxybutanal. It should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from sources of ignition. Protective equipment such as gloves and goggles should be worn to prevent skin and eye contact.

See also

• Aldol reaction
• Aldehyde
• Organic synthesis