3-Methylbutanoic acid

3-Methylbutanoic acid, also known as Isovaleric acid, is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CHCH2CO2H. It is sometimes classified as a fatty acid. It is a colourless liquid that is sparingly soluble in water, but well soluble in most common organic solvents. The compound occurs naturally, including in essential oils.

Chemistry

3-Methylbutanoic acid is a carboxylic acid, which means it contains a carboxylic group. It is an isomer of valeric acid, another carboxylic acid. The compound is primarily used in the synthesis of other organic compounds. It is a component of the production of leucine, an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

Biosynthesis and occurrence

3-Methylbutanoic acid is produced in the body during the breakdown of fatty acids and amino acids. It is also found in certain foods, such as cheese and fermented products. In humans, it is involved in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids.

Health effects

In high concentrations, 3-Methylbutanoic acid can have a strong, unpleasant smell. It is also a minor constituent of sweat. In certain diseases, such as maple syrup urine disease, the body's ability to break down leucine into 3-Methylbutanoic acid is impaired, leading to a buildup of the compound in the body.

See also

• Valeric acid
• Leucine
• Branched-chain amino acid