3-methylbutanoic acid

3-Methylbutanoic acid (also known as isovaleric acid) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C5H10O2. This colorless liquid is one of the isomers of butyric acid. Its odor is strong and somewhat unpleasant, often described as similar to that of stale sweat or cheese.

Chemical Structure

3-Methylbutanoic acid is a carboxylic acid that consists of a three-carbon chain with a methyl group (CH3) attached to the middle carbon and a carboxyl group (COOH) attached to the end carbon. This structure is what gives the compound its unique properties.

Properties

3-Methylbutanoic acid is a colorless liquid at room temperature with a strong, unpleasant odor. It has a boiling point of 176.5 degrees Celsius and a melting point of -27 degrees Celsius. It is soluble in water and most organic solvents.

Production

3-Methylbutanoic acid is produced naturally in the body during the breakdown of certain amino acids. It can also be synthesized in the laboratory through the oxidation of isovaleryl-CoA, a derivative of the amino acid leucine.

Uses

3-Methylbutanoic acid is used in the production of various esters, which are used as flavorings and fragrances. It is also used in the production of certain polymers and resins.

Health Effects

Exposure to 3-methylbutanoic acid can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Ingestion can lead to nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Long-term exposure can lead to damage to the liver and kidneys.

See Also

• Butyric acid
• Isovaleryl-CoA
• Leucine