A-232

A-232 is a chemical compound that belongs to the Novichok family of nerve agents. It was developed by the Soviet Union during the late 20th century as part of the Foliant program.

History

The development of A-232 was part of the Soviet Union's response to the development of new classes of nerve agents in the West. The goal of the Foliant program was to create a new generation of nerve agents that would be undetectable by NATO's standard chemical detection equipment and would also be safer to handle. A-232 and its precursors were designed to be easily produced in a standard pesticide factory.

Chemistry

A-232 is a organophosphate compound, which means it contains a phosphorus atom bonded to an oxygen atom. The specific structure of A-232 allows it to inhibit the action of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that is crucial for normal nerve function. By inhibiting this enzyme, A-232 causes a buildup of acetylcholine in the body, leading to overstimulation of the muscles and glands, which can result in symptoms such as convulsions, paralysis, and in severe cases, death.

Toxicology

The toxicity of A-232 is similar to that of other Novichok agents. It is highly toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact. The symptoms of A-232 poisoning are similar to those of other nerve agents and include difficulty breathing, convulsions, and death due to respiratory failure. There is currently no specific antidote for A-232, and treatment consists of removing the agent from the body as quickly as possible and providing supportive care.

See also

• Novichok agent
• Chemical warfare
• Organophosphate poisoning