Constriction ring syndrome

Amniotic band hand

Constriction ring syndrome

Constriction ring syndrome, also known as amniotic band syndrome, is a congenital disorder caused by the entanglement of fetal parts, typically limbs or digits, in fibrous amniotic bands while in utero. This condition can lead to a range of physical abnormalities, from minor constrictions to severe deformities or even amputation of the affected parts.

Pathophysiology

The exact cause of constriction ring syndrome is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from the rupture of the amniotic sac early in pregnancy. This rupture leads to the formation of fibrous bands that can entangle the developing fetus. These bands can restrict blood flow and disrupt normal development, leading to the characteristic constrictions and deformities.

Clinical Presentation

The clinical presentation of constriction ring syndrome can vary widely. Common features include:

• Constriction rings around the limbs or digits
• Swelling distal to the constriction
• Syndactyly (fusion of fingers or toes)
• Clubfoot
• Amputation of digits or limbs

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of constriction ring syndrome is typically made through prenatal ultrasound imaging, which can reveal the presence of amniotic bands and associated fetal abnormalities. Postnatal diagnosis is based on physical examination and the characteristic appearance of the constriction rings and associated deformities.

Treatment

Treatment for constriction ring syndrome depends on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may require no intervention, while more severe cases may necessitate surgical procedures to release the constrictions and improve function. Surgical options include:

• Z-plasty or other techniques to release constriction bands
• Reconstruction of affected limbs or digits
• Amputation in cases of severe deformity

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with constriction ring syndrome varies based on the severity and location of the constrictions. With appropriate surgical intervention, many individuals can achieve good functional outcomes. However, severe cases involving major limb deformities or amputations may result in long-term disability.

Related Pages

• Congenital disorder
• Amniotic sac
• Ultrasound
• Syndactyly
• Clubfoot