AFF2

AFF2 is a gene that encodes a protein known as Fragile X mental retardation syndrome-related protein 2. This protein is involved in the regulation of gene expression and plays a crucial role in the development and function of the nervous system. Mutations in the AFF2 gene are associated with a rare genetic disorder known as Fragile XE syndrome.

Structure

The AFF2 gene is located on the long (q) arm of the X chromosome at position 28. It spans approximately 650,000 base pairs and consists of 22 exons. The encoded protein, FMR2, is a nuclear protein that contains two nuclear localization signals and a nuclear export signal. It also contains a domain known as the AF4/FMR2 family, member 2 (AFF2) domain, which is thought to mediate protein-protein interactions.

Function

The FMR2 protein is believed to function as a transcriptional activator, regulating the expression of other genes. It is thought to play a crucial role in the development and function of the nervous system, particularly in the formation and maintenance of synapses, the junctions where nerve cells communicate with each other.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the AFF2 gene are associated with Fragile XE syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterized by mild to moderate intellectual disability, behavioral problems, and physical abnormalities. The disorder is caused by a trinucleotide repeat expansion in the AFF2 gene, which leads to a decrease in the production of the FMR2 protein.

See also

• Fragile X syndrome
• X chromosome
• Gene expression
• Synapse