APAP

Acetaminophen (APAP), also known as paracetamol, is a medication used to treat pain and fever. It is typically used for mild to moderate pain relief. Evidence for its use to relieve fever in children is mixed. It is often sold in combination with other medications, such as in many cold medications. Acetaminophen is available as a generic medication with trade names including Tylenol and Panadol, among others.

Medical uses

Acetaminophen is used for the relief of pains associated with many parts of the body. It has analgesic properties comparable to those of aspirin, while its anti-inflammatory effects are weaker. It is better tolerated than aspirin in patients in whom excessive gastric acid secretion or prolongation of bleeding time may be a concern.

The medication is used to reduce fever in people of all ages. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that acetaminophen be used to treat fever in children only if their temperature is greater than 38.5 °C (101.3 °F).

Mechanism of action

The exact mechanism of action of acetaminophen is not completely understood. It is believed to work by reducing the production of prostaglandins in the brain. Prostaglandins are substances that promote inflammation, pain, and fever. However, unlike NSAIDs such as aspirin, acetaminophen does not reduce inflammation.

Adverse effects

Although generally safe for use at recommended doses, acetaminophen toxicity is a leading cause of acute liver failure. Overdose can occur when more than the recommended amount is taken. Risk factors for toxicity include alcoholism, malnutrition, and the taking of certain other medications.

Chronic use of acetaminophen may also increase the risk of developing kidney disease. However, the risk is low if the drug is used at prescribed doses for short periods.

History

Acetaminophen was first marketed in the United States in 1953 by McNeil Laboratories as a pain and fever reliever for children, under the brand name Tylenol Children's Elixir. The brand was expanded to include a full range of pain relievers and fever reducers for all ages in 1955.

Society and culture

Legal status varies by country. In some places, it is available over the counter, while in others, it is available only by prescription.

See also

• Analgesic
• Fever
• Liver failure
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
• Overdose