Acetylpheneturide

Acetylpheneturide is a pharmaceutical drug used primarily as an anticonvulsant in the treatment of epilepsy. It belongs to the class of ureide derivatives and is chemically related to phenobarbital.

Chemical Structure and Properties

Acetylpheneturide is a derivative of pheneturide, with the chemical formula C₁₂H₁₄N₂O₃. It is characterized by the presence of an acetyl group attached to the nitrogen atom of the ureide moiety. This modification enhances its pharmacokinetic properties compared to its parent compound.

Pharmacology

Acetylpheneturide acts by stabilizing neuronal membranes and reducing the excitability of neurons, thereby preventing the spread of seizure activity in the brain. It is thought to enhance the inhibitory effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the central nervous system, similar to other anticonvulsants.

Mechanism of Action

The exact mechanism of action of acetylpheneturide is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve modulation of ion channels and enhancement of GABAergic transmission. This results in increased inhibitory synaptic transmission and decreased neuronal firing.

Pharmacokinetics

Acetylpheneturide is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and undergoes hepatic metabolism. It is excreted primarily in the urine. The drug has a relatively long half-life, allowing for once or twice daily dosing.

Clinical Uses

Acetylpheneturide is used in the management of various types of seizures, including tonic-clonic seizures and partial seizures. It is often used as an adjunctive therapy in patients who do not achieve adequate seizure control with other medications.

Side Effects

Common side effects of acetylpheneturide include drowsiness, dizziness, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Long-term use may be associated with liver toxicity and blood dyscrasias. Patients should be monitored regularly for signs of adverse effects.

Contraindications

Acetylpheneturide is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug or its components. Caution is advised in patients with liver disease or renal impairment.

History and Development

Acetylpheneturide was developed in the mid-20th century as part of efforts to find effective treatments for epilepsy with fewer side effects than barbiturates. It has been used in various countries, although its use has declined with the advent of newer anticonvulsants.

Also see

• Epilepsy
• Anticonvulsant
• Phenobarbital
• Gamma-aminobutyric acid
• Seizure types

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