Achilles tendinitis

Achilles tendinitis
Illustration of Achilles tendinitis
Synonyms	Achilles tendinopathy, Achilles tendonitis
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Heel pain, stiffness in the affected area, swelling
Complications	Rupture of the Achilles tendon
Onset	Gradual
Duration	Weeks to months
Types	N/A
Causes	Overuse, sudden increase in activity, tight calf muscles
Risks	Running, jumping, sports, poor footwear
Diagnosis	Physical examination, ultrasound, MRI
Differential diagnosis	Plantar fasciitis, bursitis, stress fracture
Prevention	Stretching, strengthening exercises, proper footwear
Treatment	Rest, ice, compression, elevation, physical therapy, NSAIDs
Medication	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Prognosis	Generally good with treatment
Frequency	Common in athletes
Deaths	N/A

File:Calcaneal spur.png

Ultrasound imaging of an inflamed Achilles tendon

Overview

Achilles tendinitis, also known as Achilles tendinopathy, is a medical condition characterized by pain and inflammation in the Achilles tendon. This tendon, located at the back of the ankle, plays a crucial role in walking, running, and jumping. The condition is often seen in athletes, particularly runners, but can affect anyone.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors contribute to the development of Achilles tendinitis. These include overuse of the tendon, improper footwear, sudden increases in physical activity, and physiological factors such as age and body weight. Specific causes include:

• Repetitive strain to the tendon
• Tight calf muscles
• Bone spurs in the heel
• Flat feet or fallen arches

Symptoms

Common symptoms of Achilles tendinitis include:

• Pain and swelling near the heel
• Increased pain at the start of exercise, which eases as the activity continues
• Stiffness in the ankle, especially in the morning
• Tenderness to the touch

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Achilles tendinitis involves a physical examination and medical history evaluation. Imaging tests like MRI or ultrasound may be used to assess the tendon's condition.

Treatment

Treatment aims to reduce pain and inflammation while promoting tendon healing. Strategies include:

• Rest and reduction of strenuous activities
• Ice application to reduce swelling
• Physical therapy exercises
• Use of orthotic devices or supportive footwear
• Medications such as NSAIDs for pain relief

In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary.

Prevention

Preventive measures for Achilles tendinitis include:

• Gradual increase in physical activity
• Stretching exercises, especially for calf muscles
• Wearing appropriate, supportive footwear
• Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce strain on the tendon

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment and management, most individuals with Achilles tendinitis recover fully. However, chronic conditions may develop without proper care, leading to prolonged discomfort and reduced mobility.

References

• Mayo Clinic - Achilles Tendinitis
• WebMD - Understanding Tendinitis Basics
• American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - Achilles Tendinitis

External Links

• NHS - Tendonitis
• Physiopedia - Achilles Tendinopathy