Achilles tendinitis

Achilles Tendinitis (Achilles Tendinopathy)

Overview

Achilles tendinitis, also known as Achilles tendinopathy, is a medical condition characterized by pain and inflammation in the Achilles tendon. This tendon, located at the back of the ankle, plays a crucial role in walking, running, and jumping. The condition is often seen in athletes, particularly runners, but can affect anyone.

The Achilles tendon in the human leg

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors contribute to the development of Achilles tendinitis. These include overuse of the tendon, improper footwear, sudden increases in physical activity, and physiological factors such as age and body weight. Specific causes include:

• Repetitive strain to the tendon
• Tight calf muscles
• Bone spurs in the heel
• Flat feet or fallen arches

Symptoms

Common symptoms of Achilles tendinitis include:

• Pain and swelling near the heel
• Increased pain at the start of exercise, which eases as the activity continues
• Stiffness in the ankle, especially in the morning
• Tenderness to the touch

Ultrasound imaging of an inflamed Achilles tendon

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Achilles tendinitis involves a physical examination and medical history evaluation. Imaging tests like MRI or ultrasound may be used to assess the tendon's condition.

Treatment

Treatment aims to reduce pain and inflammation while promoting tendon healing. Strategies include:

• Rest and reduction of strenuous activities
• Ice application to reduce swelling
• Physical therapy exercises
• Use of orthotic devices or supportive footwear
• Medications such as NSAIDs for pain relief

In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary.

Prevention

Preventive measures for Achilles tendinitis include:

• Gradual increase in physical activity
• Stretching exercises, especially for calf muscles
• Wearing appropriate, supportive footwear
• Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce strain on the tendon

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment and management, most individuals with Achilles tendinitis recover fully. However, chronic conditions may develop without proper care, leading to prolonged discomfort and reduced mobility.

References

• Mayo Clinic - Achilles Tendinitis
• WebMD - Understanding Tendinitis Basics
• American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - Achilles Tendinitis

External Links

• NHS - Tendonitis
• Physiopedia - Achilles Tendinopathy

Achilles tendinitis Resources
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