Acrodynia

Acrodynia (also known as Pink Disease, Swift Disease, or Erythredema) is a rare condition that primarily affects young children. It is characterized by pain and swelling in the extremities, along with a distinctive pink discoloration of the hands and feet. The condition is often associated with chronic mercury poisoning.

Signs and Symptoms

The primary symptoms of acrodynia include:

• Pain and swelling in the hands and feet
• Pink discoloration of the skin, particularly in the extremities
• Irritability and emotional instability
• Photophobia (sensitivity to light)
• Excessive sweating
• Tachycardia (rapid heartbeat)
• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Anorexia (loss of appetite)
• Insomnia (difficulty sleeping)

Causes

Acrodynia is most commonly caused by chronic exposure to mercury, particularly in children. Mercury can be found in various sources, including:

• Contaminated food and water
• Certain types of fish
• Dental amalgams
• Some vaccines (historically)
• Industrial emissions

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of acrodynia is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic signs and symptoms. Laboratory tests may reveal elevated levels of mercury in the blood and urine. A thorough history of potential mercury exposure is also crucial for diagnosis.

Treatment

The primary treatment for acrodynia involves the removal of the source of mercury exposure. Chelation therapy may be used to bind and remove mercury from the body. Supportive care, including pain management and treatment of symptoms such as hypertension and insomnia, is also important.

Prognosis

With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the prognosis for acrodynia is generally good. However, if left untreated, chronic mercury poisoning can lead to severe complications and long-term health issues.

Prevention

Preventing acrodynia involves minimizing exposure to mercury. This can be achieved by:

• Avoiding consumption of fish known to have high mercury levels
• Using mercury-free alternatives in dental work
• Ensuring proper disposal and handling of mercury-containing products
• Monitoring and regulating industrial emissions

History

Acrodynia was more common in the early 20th century, particularly among children who were exposed to mercury-containing teething powders and other medicinal products. The incidence of the disease has significantly decreased with increased awareness and regulation of mercury use.

See Also

• Mercury poisoning
• Chelation therapy
• Photophobia
• Hypertension
• Anorexia