Actinobacillus equuli

Actinobacillus equuli is a gram-negative bacteria that is part of the Pasteurellaceae family. It is a common pathogen in equine species, particularly in foals, and can cause a variety of diseases, including septicemia, arthritis, and pneumonia.

Characteristics

Actinobacillus equuli is a small, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium. It is oxidase positive and can ferment a variety of carbohydrates, including glucose, fructose, and maltose. The bacterium is facultatively anaerobic, meaning it can grow in both the presence and absence of oxygen.

Pathogenesis

Actinobacillus equuli is a normal inhabitant of the equine gastrointestinal tract. However, it can become pathogenic under certain conditions, such as when the immune system of the host is compromised. The bacterium can enter the bloodstream and spread to various organs, causing a variety of diseases.

In foals, Actinobacillus equuli can cause septicemia, a serious bloodstream infection. This is often fatal if not treated promptly. The bacterium can also cause arthritis in foals, leading to lameness and joint swelling.

In adult horses, Actinobacillus equuli can cause pneumonia, endocarditis, and meningitis. These conditions can be severe and may require intensive treatment.

Treatment and Prevention

Treatment for Actinobacillus equuli infections typically involves the use of antibiotics. However, the bacterium can be resistant to certain antibiotics, making treatment challenging.

Prevention of Actinobacillus equuli infections involves maintaining good hygiene practices in equine facilities, including regular cleaning and disinfection of stalls and equipment. Vaccines are also available to help protect horses from infection.

See Also

• Pasteurellaceae
• Septicemia
• Arthritis
• Pneumonia

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