Acute idiopathic polyneuritis

Acute idiopathic polyneuritis also known as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), is a rare neurological disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks part of its peripheral nerves.

Symptoms

The first symptoms of this disorder include varying degrees of weakness or tingling sensations in the legs. In many instances, the weakness and abnormal sensations spread to the arms and upper body and progress into muscle weakness severe enough to prohibit movement.

Causes

The exact cause of acute idiopathic polyneuritis is unknown. However, it is often preceded by an infectious illness such as a respiratory infection or the stomach flu.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is based on the symptoms and physical examination of the patient. Additional tests such as a lumbar puncture or nerve conduction study may be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

There is no known cure for acute idiopathic polyneuritis, but therapies can help improve symptoms, decrease the duration of the illness, and restore some functionality to the affected individual. Treatments include plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy.

Prognosis

The prognosis for acute idiopathic polyneuritis varies. While most individuals recover, the amount of time needed for recovery can be significant. Some individuals may experience long-term effects such as weakness, numbness, or fatigue.

See also

• Peripheral neuropathy
• Autoimmune diseases
• Neurological disorders

References

• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (n.d.). Guillain-Barré Syndrome Fact Sheet. Retrieved from https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Guillain-Barr%C3%A9-Syndrome-Fact-Sheet