Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder

Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder

Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder, commonly known as frozen shoulder, is a condition characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint. It involves the thickening and tightening of the capsule surrounding the shoulder joint, leading to restricted movement.

Signs and Symptoms

The primary symptoms of adhesive capsulitis are pain and restricted range of motion in the shoulder. The condition typically progresses through three stages:

• Freezing Stage: This initial stage involves a gradual onset of pain, which worsens over time. As the pain increases, the shoulder's range of motion becomes limited.

• Frozen Stage: During this stage, the pain may begin to diminish, but the shoulder becomes stiffer, significantly limiting movement.

• Thawing Stage: In the final stage, the shoulder's range of motion begins to improve, and the pain continues to decrease.

Causes

The exact cause of adhesive capsulitis is not fully understood. However, it is believed to be associated with:

• Injury or Surgery: Shoulder injuries or surgeries can lead to immobilization, which may contribute to the development of adhesive capsulitis.

• Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, and cardiovascular disease, are associated with a higher risk of developing frozen shoulder.

• Age and Gender: The condition is more common in individuals between the ages of 40 and 60 and is more prevalent in women than men.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis is primarily based on clinical evaluation. A healthcare provider will assess the patient's medical history and perform a physical examination to evaluate the range of motion and pain in the shoulder. Imaging tests, such as X-rays or MRI, may be used to rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for adhesive capsulitis aims to relieve pain and restore movement in the shoulder. Options include:

• Physical Therapy: Exercises and stretches are designed to improve range of motion and reduce stiffness.

• Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroid injections may be used to reduce pain and inflammation.

• Surgical Intervention: In severe cases, procedures such as manipulation under anesthesia or arthroscopic surgery may be considered to release the tightened capsule.

Prognosis

The prognosis for adhesive capsulitis is generally favorable, with most individuals experiencing a gradual improvement in symptoms over time. However, the condition can persist for several months to years before full recovery is achieved.

Related Pages

• Shoulder joint
• Physical therapy
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
• Arthroscopic surgery