Adipic acid

Adipic Acid is a type of dicarboxylic acid that is primarily used in the production of nylon. It is a white, crystalline powder that is odorless and has a slightly acidic taste.

History

Adipic acid was first obtained by oxidation of castor oil (ricinoleic acid) with nitric acid by the French chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in 1871. The industrial production of adipic acid started in the early 20th century and has been growing ever since.

Production

Adipic acid is produced from a mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone (the "KA oil" mixture), which are derived from phenol. The KA oil is oxidized with nitric acid to give adipic acid, via a multistep pathway. The process involves the formation of nitrous acid, which is then used to oxidize the cyclohexanol to adiponitrile, which is subsequently hydrolyzed to adipic acid.

Uses

The primary use of adipic acid is as a monomer for the production of nylon by a polycondensation reaction with hexamethylene diamine forming nylon 66. Other applications include its use as a raw material for the production of plasticizers, lubricant components, and food additives.

Environmental Impact

The production of adipic acid is a significant source of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. However, advancements in production techniques have led to a significant reduction in N2O emissions.

Health Effects

Adipic acid is generally considered safe for consumption. However, high levels of consumption can lead to gastrointestinal disturbances.

See Also

• Dicarboxylic acid
• Nylon
• Greenhouse gas