Adiponectin receptor 1

Adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ADIPOR1 gene. It is one of the two receptors of adiponectin, a hormone secreted by adipocytes that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism.

Function

ADIPOR1 is a major receptor for adiponectin, and mediates the metabolic effects of adiponectin by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha). Activation of these pathways by adiponectin leads to increased fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake, which in turn leads to improved insulin sensitivity and reduced atherosclerosis.

Structure

ADIPOR1 is a transmembrane protein with seven transmembrane domains, similar to G protein-coupled receptors. However, unlike most GPCRs, ADIPOR1 has its N-terminus located intracellularly and its C-terminus located extracellularly. The extracellular C-terminus is thought to be the binding site for adiponectin.

Clinical significance

Alterations in ADIPOR1 expression or function have been associated with several metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. Reduced expression of ADIPOR1 has been observed in obese and insulin-resistant individuals, suggesting a potential role for this receptor in the pathogenesis of these conditions.

See also

• Adiponectin
• Adiponectin receptor 2
• AMP-activated protein kinase
• Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha