Aerotitis media

Aerotitis media, also known as barotitis media or ear barotrauma, is a condition that affects the ear and middle ear due to changes in atmospheric pressure. It is commonly experienced by individuals who engage in activities such as scuba diving, air travel, or mountain climbing, where rapid changes in altitude and pressure are common.

Causes

Aerotitis media is caused by a failure of the Eustachian tube to equalize pressure between the middle ear and the external environment. This can occur during rapid changes in altitude, such as during takeoff or landing in air travel, or during ascent or descent in scuba diving. The Eustachian tube may fail to function properly due to factors such as inflammation, infection, or anatomical abnormalities.

Symptoms

Symptoms of aerotitis media can range from mild to severe, and may include ear pain, hearing loss, tinnitus, dizziness, and in severe cases, rupture of the eardrum. The symptoms are typically worse during the descent phase of a flight or dive, when the external pressure is increasing.

Treatment

Treatment for aerotitis media typically involves measures to equalize the pressure in the middle ear. This can be achieved through techniques such as swallowing, yawning, or performing the Valsalva maneuver. In some cases, medication such as decongestants or steroids may be used to reduce inflammation and improve Eustachian tube function. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be required.

Prevention

Prevention of aerotitis media involves measures to ensure proper function of the Eustachian tube during activities that involve changes in altitude. This can include avoiding air travel or diving when the individual has a cold or other upper respiratory infection, and using decongestants or nasal sprays prior to and during the activity.