Affective disorder

Affective Disorder is a term that encompasses a variety of mental health conditions characterized by significant changes or disturbances in mood, which can range from periods of extreme elation or mania to severe depression. Affective disorders can significantly impact an individual's quality of life, affecting their ability to function in daily activities and maintain relationships.

Types of Affective Disorders

There are several types of affective disorders, including:

• Major Depressive Disorder: This is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities once enjoyed.

• Bipolar Disorder: This disorder is characterized by alternating periods of extreme highs (mania) and lows (depression).

• Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): This is a type of depression that's related to changes in seasons, typically starting in the late fall and early winter and going away during the spring and summer.

• Dysthymia: This is a chronic form of depression where a person's moods are regularly low. However, symptoms are not as severe as in major depression.

Causes

The exact cause of affective disorders is unknown, but they are believed to be a result of a combination of genetic, biochemical, and environmental factors. Some research suggests that these disorders can be linked to imbalances in certain chemicals in the brain, particularly neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.

Treatment

Treatment for affective disorders typically involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes. Medications such as antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics may be used. Psychotherapy, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT), can also be effective.

See Also

• Mental Health
• Psychiatry
• Psychology