Ailanthus altissima

Ailanthus altissima, commonly known as the tree of heaven, is a rapidly growing deciduous tree native to both northeast and central China and Taiwan. It is a member of the family Simaroubaceae.

Description[edit | edit source]

The Ailanthus altissima is a large tree that can reach heights of up to 15-25 meters, with some specimens in China being reported to reach 49 meters. The bark is smooth and light grey, often becoming somewhat rougher with age. The leaves are large, odd-pinnate, with 11-25 leaflets, each leaflet 5-14 cm long and 2-5 cm broad. The flowers are small, yellowish-green, produced in large panicles up to 50 cm long.

Distribution and habitat[edit | edit source]

Ailanthus altissima is native to China and Taiwan, but it has been introduced to many other parts of the world, including North America, Europe, Southern Africa, Asia, and Oceania. It is often found in urban areas, where it is able to grow in disturbed areas and poor soil conditions.

Ecology[edit | edit source]

The tree of heaven is a prolific seeder, each tree capable of producing over 350,000 seeds annually. It also reproduces vegetatively, with the ability to sprout new trees from root suckers. It is a pioneer species, often being one of the first trees to colonize disturbed areas.

Uses[edit | edit source]

In its native China, the tree of heaven has a long history of use. It is used in traditional Chinese medicine, where it is known as chouchun. The wood is used for furniture and firewood.

Invasive species[edit | edit source]

In many areas where it has been introduced, Ailanthus altissima has become an invasive species. It is able to outcompete native vegetation due to its rapid growth and ability to reproduce both sexually and vegetatively.

Control[edit | edit source]

Control of Ailanthus altissima can be difficult due to its ability to sprout from root suckers. Methods of control include cutting, herbicide application, and biological control with the use of specific insects or diseases.