Alachlor

Alachlor is a herbicide primarily used for controlling weeds in corn and soybean crops. It is an aniline and organochloride compound that belongs to the class of chemical compounds known as chloroacetanilide herbicides. Alachlor is produced by the Monsanto Company and was first registered for use in the United States in 1969.

Chemical Properties

Alachlor is a light brown liquid with a slightly sweet odor. It has a molecular formula of C14H20ClNO2 and a molecular weight of 269.77 g/mol. The compound is slightly soluble in water and readily soluble in most organic solvents.

Mode of Action

Alachlor works by inhibiting the synthesis of proteins necessary for plant growth. It is absorbed by the germinating seeds and is most effective when applied pre-emergence, that is, before the weed seeds have sprouted.

Health Effects

Exposure to alachlor can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure can lead to damage to the liver, kidneys, and spleen. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has classified alachlor as a probable human carcinogen.

Environmental Impact

Alachlor is highly toxic to aquatic organisms and can contaminate groundwater if used improperly. It has a half-life of 20 days in soil, but can persist for longer periods in water.

Regulation

In the United States, the use of alachlor is regulated by the EPA under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). It is classified as a Restricted Use Pesticide (RUP) due to its potential to cause adverse health and environmental effects.

See Also

• List of herbicides
• Pesticide regulation in the United States
• Environmental impact of pesticides