Alveolar process

Alveolar processes cutaway color

Siebert 12 (jaws)

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Cleft palate alveolus panorex xray

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Bony ridge containing the tooth sockets

Anatomy

Latin	processus alveolaris

The alveolar process (also called the alveolar ridge) is the thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets (dental alveoli) on the maxilla (upper jaw) and mandible (lower jaw). The alveolar process is an essential structure in the oral cavity, playing a crucial role in supporting the teeth and maintaining the integrity of the jaw.

Structure

The alveolar process is composed of both cortical bone and trabecular bone. The outer layer is made up of dense cortical bone, which provides strength and stability, while the inner layer consists of trabecular bone, which is more porous and contains the bone marrow.

Maxillary Alveolar Process

The maxillary alveolar process is part of the maxilla and forms the upper jaw. It contains the sockets for the upper teeth and is involved in the formation of the hard palate.

Mandibular Alveolar Process

The mandibular alveolar process is part of the mandible and forms the lower jaw. It contains the sockets for the lower teeth and is involved in the formation of the lower dental arch.

Function

The primary function of the alveolar process is to support the teeth. It provides the necessary anchorage for the teeth, allowing them to withstand the forces of mastication (chewing). The alveolar process also plays a role in the periodontium, which includes the gingiva, periodontal ligament, and cementum.

Development

The alveolar process develops during the embryonic stage and continues to change throughout life. It undergoes significant remodeling in response to the eruption and loss of teeth. The presence of teeth stimulates the maintenance of the alveolar bone, while tooth loss can lead to alveolar bone resorption.

Clinical Significance

The health of the alveolar process is vital for dental health. Conditions such as periodontitis, osteoporosis, and trauma can affect the integrity of the alveolar bone, leading to tooth loss and other complications. Dental implants are often used to replace missing teeth and support the alveolar bone.

See also

• Periodontium
• Dental alveolus
• Maxilla
• Mandible
• Periodontitis
• Dental implant