Androstadienone

Androstadienone chemical structure

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Androstadienone is a steroidal pheromone found in humans. It is a derivative of testosterone and is known for its potential effects on mood, behavior, and physiology in both men and women. Androstadienone is primarily found in male sweat, particularly in the axillary (underarm) region.

Chemical Structure

Androstadienone, also known by its chemical name 4,16-androstadien-3-one, is a C19H26O steroid. It is structurally related to other androgens such as androstenone and androstenol.

Production and Secretion

Androstadienone is produced in the adrenal glands, testes, and ovaries. It is secreted in sweat, particularly in the underarm area, and can also be found in semen.

Physiological Effects

Research has shown that androstadienone can influence mood and cognitive function. It has been observed to have a positive effect on mood in women, potentially increasing feelings of relaxation and calmness. In men, the effects are less pronounced but can include subtle changes in mood and alertness.

Behavioral Effects

Androstadienone is believed to play a role in social communication and sexual attraction. Studies have indicated that it can affect perception and behavior in social contexts, potentially enhancing attractiveness and interpersonal interactions.

Research and Controversy

The effects of androstadienone are still a subject of ongoing research and debate. While some studies support its role as a pheromone with significant effects on human behavior, others have found minimal or no effects. The variability in findings may be due to differences in study design, sample size, and individual sensitivity to androstadienone.

Applications

Androstadienone is sometimes used in perfumes and colognes marketed as pheromone products. However, the effectiveness of these products is not universally accepted, and more research is needed to confirm their impact.

See Also

• Pheromone
• Testosterone
• Androstenone
• Androstenol
• Human behavior
• Mood