Anti-CTLA-4
Anti-CTLA-4
Anti-CTLA-4 refers to a class of immunotherapy drugs that target the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), a protein receptor that downregulates the immune system. These drugs are primarily used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, including melanoma.
Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]
CTLA-4 is a checkpoint inhibitor that plays a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis. It is expressed on the surface of T cells and acts as an "off" switch when bound to its ligands, CD80 and CD86, on antigen-presenting cells. By inhibiting CTLA-4, anti-CTLA-4 drugs enhance T cell activation and proliferation, thereby boosting the immune response against cancer cells.
Clinical Applications[edit | edit source]
Anti-CTLA-4 therapies have been approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and are being investigated for use in other cancers. The most well-known anti-CTLA-4 drug is Ipilimumab, which has shown significant efficacy in improving survival rates in patients with advanced melanoma.
Side Effects[edit | edit source]
The use of anti-CTLA-4 drugs can lead to immune-related adverse events (irAEs) due to increased immune activity. Common side effects include skin rash, colitis, hepatitis, and endocrinopathies. Management of these side effects often requires immunosuppressive treatment such as corticosteroids.
Research and Development[edit | edit source]
Ongoing research is focused on improving the efficacy and safety of anti-CTLA-4 therapies. Combination therapies, where anti-CTLA-4 drugs are used alongside other treatments such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, are being explored to enhance therapeutic outcomes.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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