Apronal

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Apronal

Apronal is a barbiturate derivative that was developed in the early 20th century. It is known for its sedative and hypnotic properties, which make it useful in the treatment of insomnia and other sleep disorders. Apronal is chemically related to other barbiturates such as phenobarbital and secobarbital.

Chemical Structure and Properties

Apronal, also known as apronalide, has the chemical formula C10H12N2O3. It is a white, crystalline powder that is soluble in water and alcohol. The compound is typically administered orally in the form of tablets or capsules.

Pharmacology

Apronal works by enhancing the activity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). This action results in a calming effect on the brain, which helps to induce sleep and reduce anxiety. Like other barbiturates, apronal can be habit-forming and has a potential for abuse.

Medical Uses

Apronal is primarily used for the short-term treatment of insomnia. It may also be prescribed for its anxiolytic effects to help manage anxiety disorders. Due to its potential for dependence and the availability of safer alternatives, the use of apronal has declined in recent years.

Side Effects

Common side effects of apronal include drowsiness, dizziness, and headache. More serious side effects can include respiratory depression, hypotension, and allergic reactions. Long-term use can lead to tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms.

History

Apronal was first synthesized in the early 20th century and was widely used as a sedative and hypnotic agent. However, with the development of newer, safer medications such as benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepine sleep aids, the use of apronal has significantly decreased.

Regulation

Due to its potential for abuse and dependence, apronal is classified as a controlled substance in many countries. Its use is strictly regulated, and it is generally only available by prescription.

See Also

• Barbiturate
• Insomnia
• Sedative
• Hypnotic
• Anxiolytic
• Gamma-aminobutyric acid
• Central nervous system