Thoracodorsal artery

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Thoracodorsal artery

The thoracodorsal artery is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the latissimus dorsi muscle. It is a branch of the subscapular artery, which itself is a branch of the axillary artery. The thoracodorsal artery plays a crucial role in the vascular supply of the shoulder and back regions.

Anatomy

The thoracodorsal artery originates from the subscapular artery, which branches off from the axillary artery at the level of the first rib. The subscapular artery travels along the lateral border of the scapula, and the thoracodorsal artery branches off from it, continuing downwards along the posterior wall of the axilla.

Course

The thoracodorsal artery descends along the lateral border of the scapula, running with the thoracodorsal nerve. It supplies blood to the latissimus dorsi muscle, which is involved in movements such as adduction, extension, and internal rotation of the humerus.

Branches and Supply

The thoracodorsal artery gives off several smaller branches that supply the latissimus dorsi muscle, the teres major muscle, and the serratus anterior muscle. It also anastomoses with the dorsal scapular artery and the circumflex scapular artery, providing collateral circulation to the scapular region.

Clinical Significance

The thoracodorsal artery is often used in reconstructive surgery, particularly in breast reconstruction procedures. The latissimus dorsi flap, which includes the thoracodorsal artery, is a common technique used to reconstruct the breast following mastectomy. The artery's reliable blood supply makes it an ideal candidate for such procedures.

See Also

• Axillary artery
• Subscapular artery
• Latissimus dorsi muscle
• Thoracodorsal nerve
• Breast reconstruction