Artificial knee

Artificial Knee

An artificial knee or knee prosthesis is a medical device designed to replace a damaged or diseased knee joint. The knee joint is one of the largest and most complex joints in the human body, and its replacement is a common orthopedic surgery procedure known as knee arthroplasty or knee replacement.

Anatomy of the Knee

The human knee is a hinge joint that connects the thigh bone (femur) to the shin bone (tibia). The joint is protected by the patella (knee cap) and is cushioned by cartilage and synovial fluid. The knee joint allows for flexion and extension of the leg, and a limited degree of rotation.

Indications for Knee Replacement

The most common reason for knee replacement surgery is osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease that causes the cartilage in the knee to wear away. Other conditions that may necessitate a knee replacement include rheumatoid arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, and certain bone tumors.

Types of Knee Prostheses

There are several types of knee prostheses, including total knee replacement, partial knee replacement, and knee revision prostheses. The type of prosthesis used depends on the extent of the knee damage and the patient's overall health.

Surgical Procedure

During a knee replacement surgery, the damaged or diseased parts of the knee joint are removed and replaced with the artificial knee prosthesis. The prosthesis is typically made of metal and plastic components that mimic the natural movement of the knee.

Postoperative Care and Rehabilitation

Following surgery, patients typically undergo a period of physical therapy to regain strength and mobility in the knee. The success of the surgery largely depends on the patient's commitment to postoperative care and rehabilitation.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgery, knee replacement carries risks, including infection, blood clots, and complications from anesthesia. Additionally, the artificial knee may wear out over time, requiring a revision surgery.

See Also

• Orthopedic surgery
• Joint replacement
• Hip replacement
• Arthritis