Atmospheric particulate matter
Atmospheric Particulate Matter
Atmospheric particulate matter, also known as particulate matter (PM), refers to the tiny particles and droplets in the atmosphere that can be inhaled into the lungs and cause health problems. These particles vary in size, composition, and origin, and are a significant component of air pollution.
Types of Particulate Matter[edit | edit source]
Particulate matter is generally classified by size:
- PM10: Particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less. These can be inhaled into the lungs and may cause health issues.
- PM2.5: Fine particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less. These are more dangerous as they can penetrate deeper into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream.
- Ultrafine particles: Particles with a diameter of less than 0.1 micrometers. These can easily penetrate biological membranes and have significant health impacts.
Sources of Particulate Matter[edit | edit source]
Particulate matter originates from both natural and anthropogenic sources:
- Natural sources: Include dust storms, wildfires, volcanic eruptions, and sea spray.
- Anthropogenic sources: Include vehicle emissions, industrial processes, construction activities, and burning of fossil fuels.
Health Effects[edit | edit source]
Exposure to particulate matter is associated with a range of health problems, including:
- Respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- Cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and strokes.
- Premature death in people with heart or lung disease.
- Developmental and reproductive harm.
Environmental Impact[edit | edit source]
Particulate matter also affects the environment by:
- Reducing visibility, contributing to haze.
- Depositing on soil and water bodies, affecting ecosystems.
- Influencing climate change by altering the Earth's radiation balance.
Regulation and Control[edit | edit source]
Governments and international organizations have established standards and regulations to control particulate matter levels. These include:
- Air Quality Standards: Set limits on the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 in the air.
- Emission Controls: Implementing technologies and practices to reduce emissions from vehicles and industrial sources.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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