Atypical fibroxanthoma

Atypical fibroxanthoma (AF) is a rare type of skin cancer that primarily affects elderly individuals with a history of significant sun exposure. It is a low-grade malignancy that typically presents as a rapidly growing, ulcerated nodule on sun-exposed skin.

Etiology

The exact cause of atypical fibroxanthoma is unknown. However, it is believed to be associated with long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. Other potential risk factors include advanced age, male gender, fair skin, and a history of other skin cancers.

Clinical Presentation

Atypical fibroxanthoma typically presents as a rapidly growing, ulcerated nodule on sun-exposed skin. The most common locations are the head and neck, particularly the face. The lesion is usually less than 2 cm in diameter and may be pink, red, or brown in color.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of atypical fibroxanthoma is made based on the clinical presentation and histopathological examination of a skin biopsy. The histopathology is characterized by atypical spindle cells with pleomorphic nuclei and numerous mitotic figures.

Treatment

The primary treatment for atypical fibroxanthoma is surgical excision with clear margins. Mohs micrographic surgery is often used to ensure complete removal of the tumor while sparing as much healthy tissue as possible. Radiation therapy may be used in cases where surgery is not feasible.

Prognosis

The prognosis for atypical fibroxanthoma is generally good, as it is a low-grade malignancy and metastasis is rare. However, recurrence can occur, particularly if the initial excision was incomplete.

See Also

• Skin cancer
• Mohs surgery
• Radiation therapy

Atypical fibroxanthoma Resources
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