Axungia

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Apothecary vessel Axung Daxis 19 century

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Albarelli Axung Hominis

Axungia is a term that refers to a type of animal fat that is particularly hard and dense, often sourced from around the kidneys and loins of animals such as pigs, sheep, and cattle. Historically, axungia was highly valued for various uses, including as a base for ointments, for cooking, and in the production of candles and soap. The term itself is derived from Latin, where "axungia" specifically referred to pig fat, but over time, its usage expanded to include similar fats from other animals.

History

The use of axungia dates back to ancient times when animal fats were one of the few available sources of lipids for human use. In medieval and Renaissance periods, axungia was a common ingredient in medicinal ointments, believed to have healing properties when applied to the skin. Apothecaries and healers valued it for its supposed ability to carry medicinal herbs deeper into the body through the skin.

Production

The production of axungia involves rendering, a process that separates fat from other tissues. This is typically done through a combination of grinding, heating, and straining the fat tissues of slaughtered animals. The resulting product is a pure, dense fat that is solid at room temperature and has a long shelf life if stored properly. In traditional settings, the rendering process was often done at a low heat over several hours, which helped to ensure that the fat did not burn and retained its desirable qualities.

Uses

1. 1. 1. Culinary Uses

In culinary contexts, axungia was used similarly to how butter or lard is used today. It was prized for its ability to add flavor and moisture to dishes, particularly baked goods and fried foods. Its high smoke point also made it suitable for frying.

1. 1. 1. Medicinal Uses

Medicinally, axungia served as a base for ointments and balms. It was mixed with herbs and other substances to treat a variety of ailments, from skin conditions to joint pain. The fat was believed to help transport the medicinal properties of the herbs into the body.

1. 1. 1. Industrial Uses

Beyond food and medicine, axungia was also an important material in the production of candles and soap. Its density and burning properties made it an ideal substance for candle making, providing a slow, steady burn. In soap making, axungia was saponified with alkali to create a hard, cleansing bar.

Modern Relevance

Today, the use of axungia has largely been supplanted by more refined fats and oils, both in culinary and industrial contexts. However, there is a growing interest in traditional ingredients and methods, which has led to a resurgence in the use of animal fats like axungia in artisanal cooking and natural skincare products.

See Also

• Lard
• Tallow
• Suet
• Animal fat

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