Ball-and-socket joint

Ball-and-socket joint is a type of articulation in the human body that allows for a wide range of movement in multiple directions. This type of joint is found in the shoulder and hip, and is named for the ball-like structure of one bone fitting into a socket-like depression of another bone.

Anatomy

The ball-and-socket joint consists of a spherical head, or "ball," at the end of one bone, and a cup-like "socket" in an adjacent bone into which the head fits. The bones are held together by ligaments and surrounded by muscles that provide stability and control movement.

Function

Ball-and-socket joints allow for movement in multiple directions. This includes flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and rotation. This range of motion makes these joints critical for many types of movement, from lifting and carrying objects to walking and running.

Clinical significance

Due to their complexity and the stresses placed on them, ball-and-socket joints are susceptible to a variety of medical conditions. These include arthritis, dislocation, and fractures. Treatment for these conditions can range from physical therapy to surgery.

See also

• Joint
• Shoulder joint
• Hip joint

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