Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare, aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma. It is characterized by its histological similarity to basal cell carcinoma, but with a distinct clinical behavior and prognosis.

Epidemiology

BSCC is a rare type of cancer, accounting for less than 1% of all squamous cell carcinomas. It is more common in males than females, and typically occurs in individuals over the age of 60.

Pathogenesis

The exact pathogenesis of BSCC is not well understood. It is thought to arise from the basal cells of the epidermis, or the outermost layer of the skin. These cells have the ability to differentiate into various types of skin cells, which may explain the diverse histological features of BSCC.

Clinical Features

BSCC typically presents as a rapidly growing, ulcerated lesion. It most commonly affects the head and neck region, particularly the larynx, pharynx, and oral cavity. However, it can also occur in other areas of the body, such as the esophagus, lung, and anus.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of BSCC is based on histological examination of a biopsy specimen. The tumor is characterized by a dual population of cells: basaloid cells, which are small, round, and dark-staining, and squamous cells, which are larger and lighter-staining. The presence of both cell types is a key feature of BSCC.

Treatment and Prognosis

The treatment of BSCC typically involves surgery, often followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Despite aggressive treatment, the prognosis of BSCC is generally poor, with a high rate of local recurrence and distant metastasis.

See Also

• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Basal cell carcinoma
• Cancer