Benign rolandic epilepsy

Benign rolandic epilepsy (BRE), also known as benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS), is a common type of epilepsy that occurs in children. It is characterized by seizures that primarily affect the face and throat. The condition is named after the Rolandic area of the brain, which is involved in motor control.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of benign rolandic epilepsy is partial seizures, which often occur during sleep. These seizures can cause twitching, numbness, or tingling in the child's face or tongue, which can lead to speech or swallowing difficulties. Despite the seizures, children with BRE typically do not have any developmental or cognitive delays.

Causes

The exact cause of benign rolandic epilepsy is unknown. However, it is believed to be genetic in nature, as the condition often runs in families. Some studies suggest that a mutation in the ELP4 gene may be involved.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of benign rolandic epilepsy is typically made based on the child's symptoms and medical history. An electroencephalogram (EEG) is often used to confirm the diagnosis. This test measures electrical activity in the brain and can detect the characteristic centrotemporal spikes that are indicative of BRE.

Treatment

Treatment for benign rolandic epilepsy is not always necessary, as the condition often resolves on its own by the time the child reaches adolescence. When treatment is needed, it typically involves the use of antiepileptic drugs such as carbamazepine or levetiracetam.

Prognosis

The prognosis for children with benign rolandic epilepsy is generally good. Most children outgrow the condition by their teenage years and do not experience any long-term effects. However, some children may continue to experience seizures into adulthood.

See also

• Epilepsy
• Partial seizures
• ELP4
• Antiepileptic drugs