Benzenediol

Benzenediol or dihydroxybenzene is a type of aromatic compound that consists of a benzene ring with two hydroxyl groups attached to it. It is a type of phenol. There are three isomers of benzenediol, differing by the positions of the hydroxyl groups on the benzene ring: 1,2-benzenediol (or ortho-dihydroxybenzene, commonly known as catechol), 1,3-benzenediol (or meta-dihydroxybenzene, commonly known as resorcinol), and 1,4-benzenediol (or para-dihydroxybenzene, commonly known as hydroquinone).

Chemical Properties

Benzenediols are colorless crystalline solids at room temperature. They are soluble in water and have a sweet taste. The hydroxyl groups in benzenediols are capable of forming hydrogen bonds, which gives these compounds higher boiling points and water solubility compared to the parent benzene molecule.

Synthesis

Benzenediols can be synthesized through various methods. One common method is the hydroxylation of benzene, which involves the addition of a hydroxyl group to the benzene ring. Another method is the reduction of quinones, which involves the addition of hydrogen to the quinone molecule.

Applications

Benzenediols have various applications in different fields. They are used in the production of plastics, resins, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. They are also used as antioxidants in food and as corrosion inhibitors in the metal industry.

Health Effects

Exposure to benzenediols can cause skin and eye irritation. Ingestion or inhalation can lead to nausea, vomiting, and respiratory distress. Long-term exposure can lead to liver and kidney damage.

See Also

• Phenol
• Hydroxylation
• Quinone