Bezoar

Bezoar

A bezoar is a mass found trapped in the gastrointestinal tract, usually in the stomach. These masses are formed when indigestible matter, such as hair or fiber, accumulates. Bezoars can cause a variety of symptoms and complications, depending on their size and location.

Types of Bezoars

There are several types of bezoars, each named for the material that forms them:

• Phytobezoars are composed of indigestible plant matter, such as fibers, skins, and seeds.
• Trichobezoars are formed from hair or hair-like fibers, such as carpet or clothing fibers. This type is most commonly seen in individuals with trichotillomania (compulsive hair-pulling) and trichophagia (compulsive hair-eating).
• Pharmacobezoars are a rare type of bezoar formed from medications or drug materials.
• Lactobezoars are formed from milk protein and are most commonly seen in premature infants.

Symptoms and Complications

Symptoms of a bezoar can vary widely, depending on the size and location of the mass. Some individuals may not experience any symptoms, while others may have severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and other gastrointestinal symptoms. In severe cases, a bezoar can cause a blockage in the digestive tract, which can be life-threatening.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of a bezoar typically involves imaging studies, such as an abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, or endoscopy. Treatment options include medication to dissolve the bezoar, endoscopic removal, or, in severe cases, surgery.

Prevention

Prevention of bezoars involves managing any underlying conditions that may contribute to their formation, such as trichotillomania or trichophagia, and maintaining a healthy diet that includes adequate fiber.

A bezoar removed from a human stomach

See Also

• Gastrointestinal tract
• Stomach
• Trichotillomania
• Trichophagia