Bochdalek hernia

Bochdalek hernia is a congenital anomaly that occurs when there is a defect in the diaphragm, allowing abdominal organs to protrude into the thorax. This condition is named after the Czech anatomist, Vincent Alexander Bochdalek, who first described it in 1848.

Etiology

The exact cause of Bochdalek hernia is unknown, but it is believed to be due to a failure in the closure of the pleuroperitoneal canal during the embryonic development. This condition is often associated with other congenital anomalies such as cardiac defects, neural tube defects, and genitourinary abnormalities.

Clinical Presentation

The clinical presentation of Bochdalek hernia varies depending on the severity of the condition. In severe cases, it can present immediately after birth with respiratory distress due to lung hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension. In less severe cases, it may present later in life with non-specific symptoms such as chronic respiratory problems, gastrointestinal symptoms, or an incidental finding on imaging studies.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of Bochdalek hernia is often made by imaging studies. Chest X-ray may show a mass in the thorax, and Computed Tomography (CT) scan or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can confirm the diagnosis and provide detailed information about the extent of the hernia.

Treatment

The treatment of Bochdalek hernia is surgical repair, which involves returning the herniated organs to the abdomen and repairing the diaphragmatic defect. The prognosis after surgery is generally good, but it depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of associated anomalies.

See Also

• Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
• Morgagni hernia
• Hiatal hernia

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